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A string quintet is a musical composition for five string players. As an extension to the string quartet (two violins, a viola, and a cello), a string quintet includes a fifth string instrument, usually a second viola (a so-called "viola quintet") or a second cello (a "cello quintet"), but occasionally a double bass. The form was standard in 17th century Italy and can be seen as early as 1607 in Claudio Monteverdi's opera, ''L'Orfeo''.〔 Most famous of the cello quintets is Franz Schubert's Quintet in C major. Antonín Dvořák's Quintet Op. 77 uses a double bass, and Mozart's famous Eine kleine Nachtmusik may be performed with this instrumentation (the double bass being optional). Alternative additions include clarinet or piano (see clarinet quintet, piano quintet); and other closely related chamber music genres include the string quartet (much more common), the string trio, and the string sextet. A more unusual form of string quintet is the ''violin quintet'' composed of 3 violins, a viola and a cello (thus a string quartet with an additional violin). In some cases the first violin has a soloist role: such works may be labeled as "for violin and string quartet". Many composers famous for their string quartets – such as Joseph Haydn (pioneer of the quartet genre), Béla Bartók, Paul Hindemith, and Dmitri Shostakovich – never composed a string quintet. The term ''string quintet'' may refer to a group of five players that performs such works. It can also be applied to the standard five-part orchestral string section: first violins, second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. ==List of viola quintets== *Arnold Bax – one Viola Quintet (1933) *Ludwig van Beethoven – Viola Quintet, Op. 29, sometimes called the ''Storm'' Quintet; a Fugue in D major for viola quintet, Op. 137; an arrangement of his Octet for Viola Quintet, Op. 4 (the original Octet was later published as Op.103); an arrangement of his Piano Trio Op. 1 No. 3 for Viola Quintet, Op. 104 *Luigi Boccherini – twelve original Viola Quintets, arrangements of all twelve of his Piano Quintets (Op.56 and Op.57) for Viola Quintet. *Johannes Brahms – two Viola Quintets, Op. 88 and Op. 111; the Clarinet Quintet Op. 115 may be performed with a viola substituting for the clarinet *Max Bruch – one Viola Quintet in A minor *Anton Bruckner – String Quintet in F major (1879); Intermezzo in D minor (substitute for the scherzo) *Antonín Dvořák – two Viola Quintets, Op.1 in A minor and Op. 97 in E (the ''American'' Quintet) *Victor Ewald – a Viola Quintet Op. 4 in A major〔()〕 *Eduard Franck – two Viola Quintets, Op. 15 in E minor and Op. 51 in C Major *Friedrich Gernsheim – a Viola Quintet Op. 9 in D *Roy Harris – one Viola Quintet (1940) *Heinrich von Herzogenberg – Viola Quintet in c minor, Op.77 (1892) *Heinrich Kaminski – one Viola Quintet in F minor (two versions, first 1916)〔() 〕 *Franz Krommer – fifteen String Quintets *Bohuslav Martinů – one Viola Quintet (1927) *Felix Mendelssohn – two Viola Quintets: No. 1 in A major, Op. 18 (1826, revised 1832) and No. 2 in B-flat major, Op.87 (1845) *Ernst Mielck – Viola Quintet in F major (1897) *Darius Milhaud – one Viola Quintet Op. 325 *Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – six Viola Quintets: K174, K516b, K515, K516, K593, K614 *Carl Nielsen – one Viola Quintet in G major (1888) *George Onslow – five out of his thirty-four Quintets are with two violas; four are with double bass and the rest with two cellos (see below)〔()〕 *Hubert Parry – One Viola Quintet in E flat (1909〔()〕) (Published by Chiltern Music in 1992) *George Perle – Quintet for Strings (Perle) (1958) *Josef Rheinberger – One Viola Quintet in A minor, Op. 82 (1874)〔()〕(Carus-Verlag) *Ferdinand Ries – Seven Viola Quintets, op. 37 in C, Op. 68 in D minor, Op. 167 in A minor, Op. 171 in G, Op. 183 in E-flat, and two published without opus in A major and F minor (published in a series "Samtliche Streichquintette" edited by Jürgen Schmidt between 2003-5 for Accolade Musikverlag.) *Franz Schubert – "Quintet-Overture" for Viola Quintet, D 8 *Roger Sessions – one Viola Quintet (1958) *Robert Simpson – one Viola Quintet (1987) *Louis Spohr – seven Viola Quintets *Charles Villiers Stanford – Two Viola Quintets〔()〕 *Johan Svendsen – one Viola Quintet in C, Op. 5〔()〕 (1868) *Sergei Taneyev – one Viola Quintet in C, Op. 16 *Ralph Vaughan Williams – one Viola Quintet (the ''Phantasy'' Quintet – 1912) and ''Nocturne and Scherzo'' (1904-1906) *Felix Weingartner – one Viola Quintet, his Op. 40 *John Woolrich – The Death of King Renaud (1991) *Alexander von Zemlinsky – one Viola Quintet (1894–1896): 2 movements are lost 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「String quintet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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